Le terme Namban vient de namban-jin \u00ab barbares du sud \u00bb, employ\u00e9 par les Japonais pour d\u00e9signer les Europ\u00e9ens, en particulier les Portugais. L\u2019art Namban se d\u00e9veloppe entre 1500 et 1600. Les Portugais arrivent au Japon en 1543 et d\u00e9veloppent des relations commerciales tr\u00e8s \u00e9labor\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Dans un premier temps, les Japonais appr\u00e9cient peu les Portugais. Ils les trouvent grossiers et sales : ils sentent mauvais et mangent avec leurs doigts ; ils n\u2019ont aucune ma\u00eetrise de leurs sentiments ni d\u2019eux-m\u00eames ; et ils sont totalement imperm\u00e9ables \u00e0 la culture japonaise dans le sens o\u00f9 ils ne comprennent pas les caract\u00e8res \u00e9crits. Mais l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des Portugais reste une r\u00e9volution pour le Japon. Il faut la consid\u00e9rer comme la rencontre de cultures de deux peuples cultiv\u00e9s et privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s, en avance sur leur \u00e9poque. Les pratiques sont certes diff\u00e9rentes mais tout aussi \u00e9labor\u00e9es.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
La m\u00e9fiance des Japonais envers les Portugais ne dure pas. Tr\u00e8s vite ils adoptent de nombreuses pratiques culturelles et technologiques. Nous pouvons citer en particulier l\u2019arquebuse, les cuirasses, les navires europ\u00e9ens. Mais les apports interviennent \u00e9galement dans le domaine culturel en particulier dans les arts d\u00e9coratifs, dans la cuisine, ou dans le langage. Les Portugais sont les premiers \u00e0 traduire le japonais dans une langue occidentale et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer un dictionnaire. Le Nippo Jisho ou Vocabulario de Lingoa de Japam compil\u00e9 par le j\u00e9suite Joao Rodrigues est publi\u00e9 \u00e0 Nagasaki en 1603. C\u2019est ainsi que certains mots japonais viennent du portugais. En particulier des objets ou des pratiques n\u2019existant pas au Japon. Par exemple : boro \u2013 bolo (g\u00e2teau en forme de petite perle), botan \u2013 botao (bouton), furasuko \u2013 frasco (flasque), kapitan \u2013 capitao (capitaine de navire), etc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Le missionnaire j\u00e9suite Fran\u00e7ois Xavier, est l\u2019un des premiers \u00e9vang\u00e9listes au Japon. Les catholiques affirment avoir r\u00e9alis\u00e9 environ 200 000 conversions jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. La christianisation est une des causes de l\u2019exclusion des Europ\u00e9ens du Japon vers 1650.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Les Portugais sont eux aussi tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par les pratiques et ressources du Japon. Ils per\u00e7oivent ce pays comme tr\u00e8s cultiv\u00e9, avec un syst\u00e8me f\u00e9odal sophistiqu\u00e9 et une technologie \u00e9labor\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
A cette \u00e9poque le Japon est plus peupl\u00e9 et urbanis\u00e9 que n\u2019importe quel pays europ\u00e9en (au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, il y a 26 millions d\u2019habitants au Japon, contre 16 millions d\u2019habitants en France et seulement 4,5 millions d\u2019habitants en Angleterre). Le pays est tr\u00e8s riche en termes de m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux. Il est un exportateur important de cuivre et d\u2019argent. Mais les Portugais sont surtout tr\u00e8s admiratifs de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019artisanat et de la m\u00e9tallurgie. Les armes japonaises sont les meilleurs du monde. L\u2019industrie du papier est sans \u00e9gale. Les Japonais se mouchent dans des mouchoirs en papier washi alors que l\u2019usage dans le monde occidental est encore\u2026 la manche !\u00a0<\/p>\n
Que rapportent les Portugais du Japon : de la soie, des objets en laque, des objets avec incrustation de nacre, du th\u00e9 vert, du minerai d\u2019argent. Qu\u2019apportent les Portugais au Japon : de la soie de Chine, des porcelaines, du coton, des \u00e9pices d\u2019Inde.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Japon, p\u00e9riode Momoyama (1573-1603), XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle\u00a0<\/p>\n
Hauteur : 15,5 cm \u2013 Longueur : 22,5 cm \u2013 Largeur : 13,5 cm\u00a0<\/p>\n
The word \u00ab\u00a0Namban\u00a0\u00bb comes from namban-jinou \u00ab\u00a0southern barbarians\u00a0\u00bb, used by the Japanese to refer to the Europeans, especially the Portuguese. Namban art came about between 1500 and 1600. The Portuguese reached Japan in 1543 and forged a very intricate commercial relationship.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Initially, the Japanese weren’t overly fond of the Portuguese. They found them to be crude and dirty: they stank and ate with their hands, have no control over their emotions or themselves and are completely indifferent to Japanese culture in that they can’t understand written words. Their arrival however remains a revelation for Japan. It should be considered an encounter between two cultured and privileged peoples, both ahead of their time. Their customs may be different but they were both complex and developped.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\n
The mistrust of the Japanese towards the Portuguese didn’t last. They quickly adopted many of the newcomers’ cultural practices and their technoloical advancements, notably matchlocks, brestplates, european-style ships… but these new imports also occur in the cultural world, in particular in decorative arts, cooking or in language. The Portuguese are the first to translate Japanese into a western language and to create a dictionary. The Nippo Jisho or Vocabulario de Lingoa de Japam compiled by the jesuit preast Joao Rodrigues was first published in Nagasaki in 1603. As a result, some Japanese words are actually Portuguese in origin. This is especially true for objects or practices which didn’t exist priorly in Japan such as boro-bolo (cake in the shape of a small pearl), botan-botao (button), furasuko-frasco (flask), kapitan-capitao (captain of a ship), etc.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The jesuite missionnary Fran\u00e7ois Xavier was one of the first evangilists to reach Japan. The Catholics declared that they had performed around 200 000 conversions by the end of the 16th century. This attempt to convert the population is one of the reasons the Europeans found themselves expelled from the country around 1650. The Portuguese were also very interested by the cultural practices and ressources of the islands. They saw its inhabitants as being very well-cultured, with a sophisticated feodial system and well-developped technology. At the time, Japan was far more populated and more urbanised than any European country (during the 16th century, there were 26 million japanese, compared to 16 million Frenchmen and 4.5 million Englishmen). The country had an abundant supply of precious metals. It was a big exporter of copper and silver but the Portuguese especially admired their skills at metalworking. Japanese weapons were the finest in the world, their paper industry was without equal. In Japan, tissues were being used whereas in the West it was still the custom to blow one’s nose on one’s sleeve!\u00a0<\/p>\n
So what did the Portuguese take home from Japan? Silk, lacquered objects with inlayed mother-of-pearl, green tea, silver ore. They brought to the country: Chinese silk, porcelaine, coton and Indian spices.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Japan, Momoyama period (1573-1603), 16th century\u00a0<\/p>\n
Height : 6.1″ (15.5 cm) \u2013 Width : 8.9″ (22.5 cm) \u2013 Depth : 5.3″ (13.5 cm)\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Coffre Namban en laque et incrustation de nacre \u00e0 d\u00e9cor de fleurs, ferrures en cuivre cisel\u00e9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Namban chest in lacquer with inlayed mother-of-pearl in a floral pattern. The metalwork is in engraved copper.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31926,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31944","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"description-off","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"product-type-simple"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/31944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=31944"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=31944"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carrerivegauche.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=31944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}